選型注意事項

  S7-300PLC的選型原則是據生產工藝所需的功能和容量進行選型，并考慮維護的方便性、備件的通用性，以及是否易于擴展和有無特殊功能等要求。選型時具體注意以下幾方面：

  (1)有關參數確定。一是輸入/輸出點數(I/O點數)確定。這是確定PLC規模的一個重要依據，一定要根據實際情況留出適當余量和擴展余地。二是PLC存儲容量確定。注意當系統有模擬量信號存在或要進行大量數據處理時，其存儲容量應選大一些。

  (2)系統軟硬件選擇。一是擴展方式選擇，S7-300PLC有多種擴展方式，實際選用時，可通過控制系統接口模塊擴展機架、Profibus-DP現場總線、通信模塊、運程I/O及PLC子站等多種方式來擴展PLC或預留擴展口;二是PLC的聯網，包括PLC與計算機聯網和PLC之間相互聯網兩種方式。因S7-300PLC的工業通信網絡淡化了PLC與DCS的界限，聯網的解決方案很多，用戶可根據企業的要求選用;三是CPU的選擇，CPU的選型是合理配置系統資源的關鍵，選擇時必須根據控制系統對CPU的要求(包括系統集成功能、程序塊數量限制、各種位資源、MPI接口能力、是否有

  PROFIBUS-DP主從接口、RAM容量、溫度范圍等)，并好在西門子公司的技術支持下進行，以獲得合理的選型;四是編程軟件的選擇，這主要考慮對CPU的支持狀況，我們的體會是：STEP7V4.0對有些型號的CPU不支持，硬件組態時會發生故障出錯，而STEP7V5.0則不存在這種問題。

  二、設計及使用注意事項

  1. 設計注意事項

  設計時主要應注意以下幾方面：

  (1)PLC輸出電路中沒有保護，因此在外部電路中應設置串聯熔斷器等保護裝置，以防止負載短路造成PLC損壞。熔斷器容量一般為0.5A。

  (2)PLC存在I/O響應延遲問題，因此在快速響應設備中應加以注意。MPI通信協議雖簡單易行，但響應速度較慢。

  (3)編制控制程序時，好用模塊式結構程序。這樣既可增強程序的可讀性，方便調試和維護工作;又能使數據庫結構統一，方便WinCC組態時變量標簽的統一編制和設備狀態的統一顯示。

  (4)硬件資源。要合理配置硬件資源，以提高系統可靠性。如PLC電源配電系統要配備冗余的UPS不間斷電源，以排除停電對全線運行的不利影響。又如對電機的控制回路要進行繼電器隔離，以消除外部負載對I/O模塊的可能損壞。另外，系統設備要采用獨立的接地系統，以減少雜波干擾。

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